Objects, Models and Constants

Trading Calendar

class blueshift.protocol.TradingCalendar

A trading calendar maintains the trading sessions for a given trading venue (e.g. an exchange like NYSE). It has an associated timezone. It tracks sessions opening/ closing times and holidays. Strategy can access it via the context variable as AlgoContext.trading_calendar.

Assets

Assets are objects in Blueshift that encapsulates information about tradable instruments (e.g. equities) or non-tradable market data (e.g. a market index). User strategy code uses the symbol function to convert a symbol name to the corresponding asset objects. This asset object then can be passed on to market data query, order placing functions etc.

Asset Symbology

The symbology followed on Blueshift is pretty straightforward. Exchange traded equities are referred to by their respective exchange symbols. Forex assets are referred to as CCY1/CCY2 (with the conventional meaning).

In all cases, you can optionally add the exchange reference as EXCHANGE:SYMBOL. Note, adding exchange is NOT required at present, as Blueshift does not support multiple exchanges for the same security currently. Also, specifying a wrong exchange name can raise the SymbolNotFound exception.

Note

Special characters in symbol names (e.g. ‘-‘ or ‘&’) are replaced by an underscore (‘_’) in Blueshift. This means a symbol like ‘M&M’ should be entered in the symbol function like ‘M_M’.

Dated and Rolling Futures and Options

For futures, the symbol is SYM<YYYYMMDD> for dated instruments - where SYM refers to the underlying symbol and the date part is the expiry date. For option the format is SYM<YYYYMMDD>TYPE<STRIKE>, where TYPE is the option type and can be either CE or PE. The STRIKE is the strike price of the option (with no leading or trailing zeros).

Referring to rolling (continuous) futures and options are simple. Instead of the expiry date, specify the expiry series. For monthly futures and options, specify -I for the near month and -II for the far month. For weekly options, specify -W{n} instead, where n is the week offset (starting from 0 for the current week). For specifying relative strike, use + or - and specify the strike difference from the ATM (usually the near month futures). Below shows some examples for a hypothetical underlying ABC.

from blueshift.api import symbol

def initialize(context):
    asset0= symbol('ABC') # ABC equity
    asset1= symbol('NYSE:ABC') # Specify the exchange (not needed)
    asset2= symbol('ABC20210826') # ABC Aug 2021 futures
    asset3= symbol('ABC20210826CE16000') # ABC Aug 21 call at 16K strike
    asset4= symbol('ABC-I') #first month futures
    asset5= symbol('ABC-ICE+100') # ABC ATM+100 call near-month
    asset6= symbol('ABC-W0PE-0') # ABC current-week ATMF put

You can use the rolling symbology for both data query and placing orders. See the caveat below on how rolling symbology differs for futures and options in backtesting and live trading.

Warning

Be careful when using rolling assets on Blueshift for placing orders. Futures and options rolling assets behave differently in backtesting. Positions from orders with rolling futures are tracked as the rolling futures itself, and the position is automatically rolled on expiry date. Orders for rolling options creates positions in the specific expiry and strike prevailing at the time of the order. Such positions will not be rolled automatically. In live trading, both are treated as specific instruments without any automatic roll.

Types of Asset

Different assets are modelled as objects of different classes. The base class is MarketData. All asset classes are derived from it. Below provides a list of supported assets.

Market Data

class blueshift.assets.MarketData

MarketData class encapsulates an object with which some data (pricing or otherwise) may be associated. All tradable assets are derived from this class. This can also represent other generic data series like macro-economic data or corporate fundamental data.

A MarketData object has the following attributes. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
sid	`int`	Unique Identifier
symbol	`str`	Symbol string
name	`str`	Long name
start_date	`pandas.Timestamp`	Start date of data
end_date	`pandas.Timestamp`	End date of data
ccy	Currency	Asset currency
exchange_name	`str`	Name of the exchange
calendar_name	`str`	Name of the calendar

Asset

class blueshift.assets.Asset

Asset models a tradeable asset and derives from MarketData.

An Asset object has the following attributes in addition to the attributes of the parent class. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
asset_class	AssetClass	Asset class
instrument_type	InstrumentType	Instrument type
mult	`float`	Asset multiplier (lot size)
tick_size	`int`	Tick size (reciprocal)
auto_close_date	`pandas.Timestamp`	Auto-close day
can_trade	`bool`	If tradeable
fractional	`bool`	Fractional trading supported

Warning

The mult attribute defaults to 1. Any order placed for an asset should include this in the order size. Order placement routine will check if the order size is a multiple of mult. For e.g. an asset with a lot size of 75 should use order size of 150 (order(asset, 150)) to place an order for 2 lots.

Note

The attribute tick_size is stored as reciprocal of the actual tick size. For a tick size of 0.05, the value stored will be 20. It defaults to 100 (corresponding to a tick size of 0.01).

The auto_close_date is the date on which the asset is automatically squared-off (if still held by the algo). This defaults to the end_date.

Forex

class blueshift.assets.Forex

Forex models for margin traded forex. This is derived from the Asset class. This has the following attributes in addition to the attributes of the parent class. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
ccy_pair	`str`	currency pair (XXX/YYY)
base_ccy	`str`	Base currency (XXX)
quote_ccy	`str`	Quote currency (YYY)
buy_roll	`float`	Roll cost for a long position
sell_roll	`float`	Roll cost for a short position
initial_margin	`float`	Initial margin
maintenance_margin	`float`	Maintenance margin

Note

The asset_class is set to FOREX and the instrument_type is MARGIN.

The roll costs are for 1 unit - the overnight roll is calculated as roll cost multiplied by the quantity in open position.

Equity

Fully funded cash equity asset.

class blueshift.assets.Equity

Equity models exchange traded equities asset. This is derived from the Asset class. This has the following attributes in addition to the attributes of the parent class. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
shortable	`bool`	If shortable
borrow_cost	`float`	Borrow cost if shortable

Note

The asset_class is set to EQUITY and the instrument_type is SPOT for equities and FUNDS for ETFs.

EquityMargin

Equity product traded on the margin.

class blueshift.assets.EquityMargin: Margin traded equity product.

EquityIntraday

Equity products traded on the margin which cannot be carried overnight. Usually fresh orders are restricted after a cut-off time towards the closing hours of the market.

class blueshift.assets.EquityIntraday: Intraday margin traded equity product.

EquityFutures

class blueshift.assets.EquityFutures

Equity futures models exchange traded equities futures. This is derived from the Asset class. This has the following attributes in addition to the attributes of the parent class. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
underlying	`str`	Symbol of underlying asset
root	`str`	Root part of the symbol
roll_day	`int`	Roll period if rolling asset
expiry_date	`pandas.Timestamp`	Date of expiry
initial_margin	`float`	Initial margin
maintenance_margin	`float`	Maintenance margin

Note

The asset_class is set to EQUITY and the instrument_type is FUTURES. The roll_day parameter determines if the asset is a rolling asset (i.e. should be rolled automatically in backtest if value is greater than -1). The roll_day is the offset from the expiry_date to determine the roll date.

EquityOption

class blueshift.assets.EquityOption

Exchange traded equity options. This is derived from the EquityFutures class. This has the following attributes in addition to the attributes of the parent class. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
strike	`float`	Option strike
strike_type	StrikeType	Option strike type
option_type	OptionType	Type of option

Note

The asset_class is set to EQUITY and the instrument_type is OPT. The parameter strike_type determines the offset from the ATM strike, and can be either absolute, relative from ATM (e.g. +100 or -100) or in terms of delta (multiplied by 100, e.g. 25D or -10D).

Note

All these objects can be imported into the strategy code from blueshift.assets.

Data and Simulation Models for Assets

On Blueshift, the data availability and default simulation behaviours depend on the asset class. By default, equities are considered fully funded instruments. That is, buying requires the full cost to be paid in cash (and shorting generates the opposite cash flow). The default simulation model is the blueshift.finance.slippage.VolumeSlippage. For modelling equity trading on the margin, use EquityMargin, which uses the same slippage model, but tracks the required margins and related cash flows through the blueshift.finance.margin.FlatMargin by default. EquityFutures uses the same default slippage and margin models.

EquityOptions slippage are computed differently. The slippage, in this case, is based on the options vega instead of volumes. The maximum transaction limit per bar is 100 lots, and the impact is calculated as a 0.5% bump on the vega (i.e. vega*implied_vol*0.005). Also, since the volatilty smile is computed from puts for below ATM and from calls for above ATM strikes, strategies exploring put and call implied volatity discrepancies at the same strike (for example, put call parity)) cannot be modelled.

The forex related assets are modelled using the blueshift.finance.slippage.BidAskSlippage by default.

Orders

ProductType

ProductType determines the handling of the position. DELIVERY is the usual type, where an asset is purchased by paying the full price and is held till it is sold (or auto-closed by the algo). MARGIN is when the asset is purchased on the margin (paying a fraction of the cost). INTRADAY is specific to certain geographies , it is same as margin, but the asset is automatically squared-off the same day (if not already done so), by the broker, after a cut-off time.

class blueshift.protocol.ProductType(value)

An enumeration.

INTRADAY = 0

DELIVERY = 1

MARGIN = 2

OrderType

Order types determines how the orders are to be executed. A MARKET order is executed at the best available price. A LIMIT order is put in the order book and is executed at the limit price or better. A STOPLOSS_MARKET order is an order that gets activated after a certain trigger (stoploss price) and becomes a market order after that. A STOPLOSS (or a stop-limit) order gets activated after a trigger is breached (stoploss price), and then becomes a limit order. A limit price is required for a limit order. A stoploss price is required for a stoploss market order. Specifying both is required for a stop-limit order.

class blueshift.protocol.OrderType(value)

An enumeration.

MARKET = 0

LIMIT = 1

STOPLOSS = 2

STOPLOSS_MARKET = 3

OrderValidity

Validity of an order. DAY means valid for the entire trading day (till cancelled by the algo). IOC or immediate-or-cancel ensures the order is filled fully or as much as possible as soon as it arrives, and the remaining part is cancelled if it cannot be filled immediately. FOK or fill or kill orders are filled either fully or cancelled (i.e. avoids partial fill). AON or all-or-none is similar to fill-or-kill, but they are not cancelled and remain in the order book - but can be filled either fully or none at all. GTC is valid till the order is explicitly cancelled. OPG (market-on-open) and CLS (market-on-close) are not implemented, but can be supported by a live broker.

class blueshift.protocol.OrderValidity(value)

An enumeration.

DAY = 0

IOC = 1

FOK = 2

AON = 3

GTC = 4

OPG = 5

CLS = 6

Note

the default validity is DAY.

OrderSide

A BUY order or a SELL order.

class blueshift.protocol.OrderSide(value)

An enumeration.

BUY = 0

SELL = 1

OrderStatus

Status of an order. COMPLETE means fully executed. OPEN means partially (including 0) executed and still active. REJECTED means the order is no longer active, and is rejected by the broker. CANCELLED means the order is no longer active and is cancelled by the algo. A rejected or cancelled order can be partially filled.

class blueshift.protocol.OrderStatus(value)

An enumeration.

COMPLETE = 0

OPEN = 1

REJECTED = 2

CANCELLED = 3

Order

class blueshift.protocol.Order

Order object encapsulates all details about orders sent by the algo to the broker. It also tracks the order fill. Orders are automatically tracked by internal trackers. Strategy code can query its attributes to check various details and fill status.

An order object has the following attributes. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
oid	`str`	Order ID
asset	Asset	Asset of the position
quantity	`float`	Net quantity at present
product_type	ProductType	Product type
order_type	OrderType	Order type
order_validity	OrderValidity	Order validity
disclosed	`float`	Total amount disclosed
price	`float`	Limit price
trigger_price	`float`	Stoploss trigger price
stoploss_price	`float`	Limit for stop-limit order
filled	`float`	Amount filled so far
pending	`float`	Pending (quantity-filled)
average_price	`float`	Average price of fill
side	OrderSide	Order side (buy/sell)
status	OrderStatus	Order status
timestamp	`pandas.Timestamp`	Timestamp of last update
fractional	`bool`	If a fractional order
price_at_entry	`float`	Mid price at entry time
create_latency	`float`	Latency (milli) to create
exec_latency	`float`	Latency (milli) to place

Note

The oid is the field through which the platform tracks an order (which can be different from the broker or the exchange IDs).

is_open(): Is the order still open.

is_buy(): Is the order a buy order.

Positions

PositionSide

PositionSide captures the original side of the position - LONG if a long position, SHORT otherwise.

class blueshift.protocol.PositionSide(value)

An enumeration.

LONG = 0

SHORT = 1

Position

class blueshift.protocol.Position

A position reflect the current economic interest in an asset, including associated profit and losses accumulated over the lifetime of such position. Positions are maintained by the algo blotter (though a dedicated tracker) and are updated on each trade or as and when prices change.

A position object has the following attributes. All attributes are read-only from a strategy code.

Attribute	Type	Description
asset	Asset	Asset of the position
quantity	`float`	Net quantity at present
buy_quantity	`float`	Total buying quantity
buy_price	`float`	Average buy price
sell_quantity	`float`	Total sell quantity
sell_price	`float`	Average selling price
pnl	`float`	Total profit or loss
realized_pnl	`float`	Realised part of pnl
unrealized_pnl	`float`	Unrealized (MTM) part of pnl
last_price	`float`	Last updated price
last_fx	`float`	Last known FX conversion rate
underlying_price	`float`	Underlying price
timestamp	`pandas.Timestamp`	Timestamp of last update
value	`float`	Holding value of this position
cost_basis	`float`	Entry cost of this position
margin	`float`	Margin posted (if available)
product_type	ProductType	Product type
position_side	PositionSide	Position side (Long/Short)
fractional	`bool`	If a fractional order

See also

See Asset for details on asset object. See Orders for details on order objects.

if_closed(): If this position is closed out.

Simulation Models

Slippage Models

class blueshift.finance.slippage.SlippageModel

Slippage model implements the backtest simulation. The core method simulate takes in an order and simulates the fill and the fill price.

simulate()

Takes in an order (may be already partially filled), and returns a trade with executed price and amount, as well as the fair mid. The difference between the execution price and the fair mid is the slippage.

Parameters

order (order object.) – Order object to process.
dt (pandas.Timestamp) – Timestamp for the order.

Returns

A tuple of volume, price, fair mid and max volume.

Return type

(float, float, float, float)

class blueshift.finance.slippage.NoSlippage

Trade simulation based on OHLCV data without any slippage. The max volume executed at each trading bar is capped at max_volume fraction (defaults to 0.02, i.e. 2% of available volume at each bar) of the available volume at the bar. Setting max_volume to 0 will disable any cap and the full pending amount will be assumed to trade successfully in a single trade. The impact cost is always zero, i.e. the order is executed at the available ‘close’ price on that bar.

Parameters: max_volume (float) – maximum volume that can be executed at a bar.

class blueshift.finance.slippage.BidAskSlippage

Trade simulation based on OHLCV data with bid-ask spread. The max volume executed is capped at max_volume fraction of the available volume at the bar. The impact cost equals to half the bid-ask spread. Setting`max_volume` to 0 will disable any cap and the full pending amount will be assumed to trade successfully in a single trade.

Parameters: max_volume (float) – maximum volume that can be executed at a bar.

Warning

This is supported only for cases where the dataset includes the ‘bid’ and ‘ask’ data. At present, only the Forex data set is suitable for this slippage model.

class blueshift.finance.slippage.VolumeSlippage

Trade simulation based on OHLCV data with volume based slippage. In this model, the max volume that can be executed is capped at a fixed percent of the volume at the bar. The price impact is modelled based on the below.

\[\Delta P = s/2 + \alpha.\sigma.(\frac{Q}{V})^\beta\]

where:: \(\Delta P\) = impact, \(s\) = spread, \(\alpha\) = cost coefficient, \(\sigma\) = historical volatility, \(Q\) = traded volume, \(V\) = available volume, \(\beta\) = cost exponent

Parameters

max_volume (float) – maximum participation (defaults to 0.02).
cost_coeff (float) – cost coefficient (defaults to 0.002).
cost_exponent (float) – cost exponent (defaults to 0.5).
spread (float) – constant spread (defaults to 0).
spread_is_percentage (bool) – If false, spread is treated as absolute (defaults False).
use_vol (bool) – If false, vol is set to 1.0 (defaults to False).
vol_floor (float) – Floor value of vol (defaults to 0.05), ignored if use_vol is False.

Margin Models

class blueshift.finance.margin.MarginModel

Margin model calculates margins required (or released) for an order execution. For a fully funded trade, (e.g. cash equities) the margin is 0. For margin trading or derivatives (futures and options), each trade adds to or releases a certain margin. Margins are charged from the available cash in the portfolio. On release, it is added back to portfolio cash. Each order, before execution, is checked for sufficient funds in the account. If sufficient funds are not available, the order is rejected.

All margin models derive from this class and concretely implement two methods, calculate and exposure_margin. The method calculate is used to determine margin requirements for a transaction. The method exposure_margin is used to calculate daily MTM settlements at the end-of-day calculation.

Note

Selection of margin models has no impact on fully funded assets (e.g. cash equities).

calculate()

Calculate the cashflow and margin for a transaction. The algo account must have sufficient cash to cover for the transaction to happen.

Parameters

order (order object.) – Order object to process.
quantity (float) – Amount to trade.
price (float) – Traded price.
position (float) – Current position in the asset with sign.
timestamp (pandas.Timestamp) – Current timestamp.
last_fx (float) – FX rate for conversion.
underlying_px (float) – Underlying price for option.
pos (position object.) – Position object to process.

Returns

A tuple of cashflow, margin.

Return type

(float, float)

exposure_margin()

Compute the exposure margin, given an asset and position in that asset. This is used for end-of-day mark-to-market settlement computation and is settled against the account. If the account is short of the required cash, the account is frozen for further trading.

Parameters

asset (asset object.) – Asset in which margin to calculate.
exposure (float) – current exposure in the asset.
timestamp (pandas.Timestamp) – current timestamp

Returns

exposure margin

Return type

float

class blueshift.finance.margin.NoMargin: No margin. This model allows any amount of leverage for unfunded products (e.g. forex or derivatives).

class blueshift.finance.margin.FlatMargin

Flat margin on total exposure as percentage. The parameter intial_margin is used to compute the fraction of the exposure required to be posted as margin for a transaction. This means 1/margin is the leverage offered. The default value is 10% (i.e. 10x leverage). The parameter maintenance_margin is applied for computation of margin required for carrying an overnight position. It defaults to the same value as the initial_margin - that is, no extra margin is charged for overnight positions.

Parameters

intial_margin (float) – Initial margin for a trade.
maintenance_margin (float) – Maintenance margin.

class blueshift.finance.margin.RegTMargin: RegT margin. This is derived from FlatMargin class with set values of intial_margin at 0.5 (50%) and maintenance_margin the same as the initial_margin for carrying an overnight position.

class blueshift.finance.margin.VarMargin

Value-at-risk margin on total exposure - also known as portfolio margin. On blueshift, this is applied to each asset separately based on a multiplier of recent historical volatility. The formula is max(vol, vol_floor)*vol_factor. The default value of vol_factor is 3 (approximating a 99% VaR for normally distributed returns). The parameter vol_floor defaults to 0.05 (i.e. a minimum 5% volatility). The default value of lookback for historical volatility computation is 20. Volatilities are computed based on daily returns (daily volatility).

Parameters

vol_factor (float) – Factor (z-score) for the probability threshold.
vol_floor (float) – Minimum volatility level (percentage).
vol_lookback (float) – Lookback to compute historical volatility.

Commissions and Cost Models

class blueshift.finance.commission.CostModel

CostModel defines the broking commission/ brokerage cost modelling (plus any exchange fees and/or tax/ regulatory charges, which defaults to zero and cannot be modified by the user). A concrete implementation must define the calculate method.

Parameters

commissions (float) – Brokerage commission - interpretation depends on implementation.
cost_cap (float) – Max possible brokerage.
cost_floor (float) – Minimum brokerage levied.
cost_on_sell_only (bool) – If brokerage only on sell leg.
**kwargs – For compatibility, see below.

Keyword Arguments

cost (float) – if supplied, overwrites the commission parameter.
min_trade_cost (float) – if supplied, overwrites the cost_floor parameter.

calculate()

Calculate the commission and charges for the transaction. Commission is the fees deducted by the broker for this particular transaction. Charges are any exchange fees and/ or government or regulatory charges on top.

Parameters

order (order object.) – Order object to process.
quantity (float) – Traded amount.
price (float) – Traded price.
last_fx (float) – FX rate for conversion (defaults to 1.0).

Returns

A tuple of commission, charges.

Return type

(float, float)

rollcost()

Costs for rolling positions overnight. This is usually applicable for rolling margin trading positions (e.g Forex CFDs).

Parameters: position (dict) – Open positions.
Returns: A tuple of costs, margin.
Return type: (float, float)

Note

the input is a dictionary of current open positions - keyed by the assets and values are position objects. The cost in the returned tuple is the cost to charge for the roll, and margin is the overnight margin to settle.

class blueshift.finance.commission.NoCommission: Zero commission and trading charges.

class blueshift.finance.commission.PerDollar: Brokerage costs based on total value traded with cap and floor. This is derived from CostModel and takes in the same parameters. The parameter commissions (or cost) is multiplied with the traded value (quantity times the price) to determine the cost.

class blueshift.finance.commission.PerShare: Brokerage costs based on total quantity traded with cap and floor. This is derived from CostModel and takes in the same parameters. The parameter commissions (or cost) is multiplied with the traded quantity to determine the cost.

class blueshift.finance.commission.PerOrder: Flat brokerage costs per order. This is derived from CostModel and takes in the same parameters. The parameter commissions (or cost) is the flat rate per order. If an order results in multiple trades (corresponding to multiple fills), the charge is applied only once (per order).

class blueshift.finance.commission.PipCost: Brokerage costs based on total quantity traded with cap and floor. This is derived from CostModel and takes in the same parameters. The parameter commissions (or cost) is multiplied with the traded quantity to determine the cost. In addition, this also implements the rollcost method to calculate the overnight funding cost of carrying over the position.

Note

This cost model is suitable for Forex assets only.

Risk Management System (RMS)

class blueshift_brokers.brokers.rms.IRMS(broker)

Abstract interface for Risk Management System implemented by a broker. This is separate from built-in RMS in core blueshift and is meant to handle asset-class/geography/exchange or other specific risk management requirements.

abstract monitor(position: Position): Monitor a position for RMS action (e.g. auto-squareoff). Not used at present.

abstract property name: The name of this particular RMS.

abstract posttrade(order: Order): updates after an order is successfully submitted. This is a slight misnomer, as this is triggered after successful order placement, not after trade execution.

abstract pretrade(order: Order): pre-trade risk check implemented by the RMS. It must return an order object, modifying the input order if required, else raise exception, if the pre-trade check fails. This shall be called at the very start of the place_order function of a broker implemented.

AlgoOrder Interface

To define a custom execution algorithm (to use with the ordering function), inherit from the IAlgoOrder class and overwrite the necessary methods.

class blueshift_objects.execution.algo_orders.AlgoOrderStatus(value)

An enumeration.

COMPLETE = (0,)

OPEN = (1,)

REJECTED = (2,)

CANCELLED = 3

CREATED = 4

ERRORED = 5

class blueshift_objects.execution.algo_orders.IAlgoOrder(algo, *args, **kwargs)

Interface for Algo Orders. It follows all the standard properties of the regular Order objects. During the init, pass a algo name (should be a string), and other attribute values relevant for an order object. The lifetime is started once the order object is passed on to the algo order function (which invoke its execute method). After this, periodically the update method is called, till the order reaches a terminal state. The following attributes cannot be overwritten - product_type (set to ProductType.ALGO), order_type ( set to OrderType.SMART), order_validity (DAY), order_flag (NORMAL), disclosed (0) and fractional (False). Other attributes are implemeted

children: Child orders of this algo. Child orders are regular orders which together constitutes the exection of this algo. It is not required and all possible children are created and declared at start, child order can be added as and when required.

filled: Returns the sum of the filled values of the children. If all child orders are not declared at the start, this will not compute the fill value correctly.

asset: Must return a single and valid asset object. Use the asset_factory function to create dummy asset if required (for e.g. for basket orders or pair orders).

quantity: Must return a number representing the quantity of the order. The interpretation of quantity, filled and pending remains same as regular order. If required, overwrite the filled and pending properties to make it consistent. The default implementation computes filled as sum total of filled from the children orders, and pending as the difference between quantity and filled.

side: Must defined a OrderSide enum, for either BUY or SELL.

abstract execute(): This method is invoked when an AlgoOrder object is passed on to the algo’s ordering function. It must initiate the execution process.

abstract update(): This method is invoked periodically by the algo order handler. Update the order status (must be a AlgoOrderStatus enum) to reflect the current order status.

abstract cancel(): Implement cancellation behaviour. After a successful cancellation, the status should be marked AlgoOrderStatus.CANCELLED.

abstract reject(reason): Implement rejection or error behaviour. After a successful handling, the status should be marked AlgoOrderStatus.REJECTED.

Miscellaneous Constants

Currency

blueshift.api.CCY: alias of Currency

Algo Modes and Other Constants

class blueshift.api.AlgoMode(value)

Track the current running mode of algo - live or backtest. BACKTEST for backtesting mode and LIVE for live mode.

BACKTEST = 'BACKTEST'

LIVE = 'LIVE'

PAPER = 'PAPER'

EXECUTION = 'execution'

class blueshift.api.ExecutionMode(value)

Track the current execution mode of a live algo. AUTO stands for automatic sending of orders to the broker. ONECLICK means the user must confirm the order before it is send to the broker.

AUTO = 'AUTO'

ONECLICK = 'ONECLICK'

class blueshift.api.AlgoCallBack(value)

An enumeration.

DATA = 'DATA'

TRADE = 'TRADE'

Note

All these objects can be import into the strategy code from blueshift.api.

These constants are useful when doing different processing based on the algo mode or execution mode. Query the AlgoContext.mode for the mode of the current running algo. Query the AlgoContext.execution_mode attribute from within strategy code to ascertain the current execution mode. Example:

from blueshift.api import AlgoMode

def initialize(context):
    if context.mode == AlgoMode.LIVE:
        print('some extra debug prints only during live trading ')

Oneclick notification status

class blueshift.protocol.OneClickState(value)

Oneclick user confirmation state.

ACTIONED = 'actioned'

EXPIRED = 'expired'

ERRORED = 'errored'

Only applicable in oneclick execution mode. ACTIONED means the user confirmed the order. EXPIRED means the order notification expired without user confirmation, and ERRORED means the confirmation or the notification encountered an error and will not be processed any further.

Objects, Models and Constants

Trading Calendar

Assets

Asset Symbology

Dated and Rolling Futures and Options

Asset Related Constants

AssetClass

InstrumentType

OptionType

StrikeType

Types of Asset

Market Data

Asset

Forex

Equity

EquityMargin

EquityIntraday

EquityFutures

EquityOption

Data and Simulation Models for Assets

Orders

ProductType

OrderType

OrderValidity

OrderSide

OrderStatus

Order

Positions

PositionSide

Position

Simulation Models

Slippage Models

Margin Models

Commissions and Cost Models

Risk Management System (RMS)

AlgoOrder Interface

Miscellaneous Constants

Currency

Algo Modes and Other Constants

Oneclick notification status